Tus Residuos

No es lo mismo basura y residuo. Los residuos tienen el potencial de ser valorizados en cambio la basura es cualquier objeto o material que no tiene valor para nadie. Cuando los residuos se mezclan con otros desechos, se disminuyen las posibilidades de reutilizar o reciclar la materia prima con la que fueron fabricados. Los materiales que encontramos en los rellenos sanitarios perdieron su valor y se convierten en basura, pues al estar mezclados y sucios, es muy complejo volver a procesarlos. Sin embargo está en nuestras manos la posibilidad de cambiar esta situación.

Con la sencilla acción de separar estos residuos diariamente, gran parte de los materiales pueden ser recuperados y posteriormente reutilizados, reciclados o aprovechados. Por el contrario, si no los separamos, los residuos se irán directo a un relleno sanitario para ser enterrados.

Para conocer la fracción de los residuos que tienen un potencial de ser reciclados se debe conocer la composición de estos. Al respecto, existen estudios sobre la materia en función de los residuos que se generaron durante los años 2010 y 2011 en la Región Metropolitana.

Según caracterizaciones realizadas por Ingeniería Alemana S.A. (IASA) en distintas comunas del país, la composición se encuentra dominada por la fracción orgánica, con un aporte representativo cercano al 20% de material posible de ser reciclado, en el gráfico se puede observar la composición general de los RSD del total de las comunas caracterizadas en la RM para los periodos primavera – otoño (2010-2011), esta gráfica presenta un resumen de la composición media de los distintos Niveles Socio económicos y densidad de ocupación del territorio.

COMPOSICIÓN GLOBAL DE RSD CARACTERIZADOS DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA (% p/p)

Fuente: IASA, caracterizaciones de RSD 2010-2011 RM.

Los resultados de la caracterización realizada en la región, señalan que la fracción más representativa de los residuos corresponde a la categoría de residuos orgánicos con casi un 57% y donde los residuos posibles de ser reciclados alcanzan un total estimado bajo un 25%, valor estimado sin el aporte de fracciones que no son posibles de recuperar, por ejemplo papel de rechazo, cartón sucio, etc.

Se observa que las mayores diferencias en la composición se encuentran para las categorías de residuos orgánicos donde la variación por la estacionalidad bajo en un 3%, del total para otoño, destaca además en este periodo que las variaciones respecto a su media son mayores que para el primer periodo, con una variación de un 2% que corresponde mayoritariamente a las variaciones en la fracción de podas y jardín del NSE ABC1, la cual presenta un incremento medio de un 4% respecto a los otros NSE.

Para conocer con mayor detalle lo relativo a la composición de los residuos, se presentan dos estudios completos que abordan en profundidad el tema:

  1. "Estudio de Factibilidad técnico ambiental, social y económico para la implementación del plan de acción Santiago Recicla".
  2. "Estudio Caracterización de Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios en la Región Metropolitana".

En este contexto, las fracciones de residuos las podemos clasificar en cuatro categorías. A continuación encontrarás mayor información sobre cada una de ellas para que aprendas a separar tus residuos y sigamos aumentando la tasa de reciclaje en Chile.

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